Electric regulator device and system for charging storage batteries



P. KUHAR Get. 27, 1953 ELECTRIC REGULATOR DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR CHARGING STORAGE BATTERIES 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed April 28, 1948 FIG.2

- JNVENTOR. w /M FIG. 3

ATTORNEY Oct. 27-, 1953 P. KUHAR 2,657,351

ELECTRIC REGULATOR DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR CHARGING STORAGE BATTERIES Filed April 2a, 1948 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 2s 75 87 I7 9| r34 ATT Patented Oct. 27, 1953 UNITED STATES OFFICE ELECTRIC REGULATOR DEVICE AND SYS- TEM FOR CHARGING STORAGE BAT- TERIES 13 Claims.

This invention pertains to means for regulating an electrical system, and more particularly to the means for controlling voltage and current in an electrical system which includes a storage battery, as in an automobile.

The electrical system of an automobile must be controlled by a very flexible and reliable regulator because of the widely varying climatic conditions under which the regulator must operate and because of the number of variable conditions which exist in the electrical circuit. Variable conditions such as the battery charge, the electrical load on the system, the rate at which the car is operating which alters the generator output, and the acceleration of the car which varies the operation of the mechanical portions of the regulator all influence the operation of a regulator.

It is desirable to quickly recharge the battery after starting the car, yet too much current into the battery is harmful. After a car has started it is desirable that the generator carry the entire electrical load, and as lights are switched on and the radio started the generator should produce more current so that the battery is not discharged. The regulator must prevent the electrical system from being burned out due to too high voltage. lf'his danger is often encountered when a car has been traveling at high speeds for a long period of time. The battery becomes fully charged and the generator runs at high speed because it is generally connected to the engine in such a manner that as the car speed increases the generator speed increases. The electrical system is then subject to damage due to momentary failure of the voltage cut-out. Winter-driving usually taxes a battery much more than sum= mer-driving because starting a cold car takes much more out of a battery than starting a warmer car, and also because most persons do not drive as far in the winter as they do in the summer, thereby reducing the battery charging time.

It is an object of this invention to provide a regulator device for the electrical system of an automobile which will meet all of. the aforementioned requirements, and which is inexpensively manufactured in one simple, small, convenient unit.

A further object of the invention is to provide a regulator device for the electrical system of an automobile which is constructed almost entirely of metal stampings thereby reducing the cost, and which is very easily adjusted when manufactured.

A further object of the invention is to provide a regulator device for the electrical system of an automobile which can easily be installed as a replacement for a defective regulator.

It is an object of the invention to provide a regulator device for the electrical system of an automobile which automatically adjusts itself for hot and cold weather driving to give a higher charging rate in cold weather and a lower charging rate in hot weather.

Another object of the invention is to provide a regulator device for the electrical system of an automobile which includes a generator whose field excitation does not entirely collapse when the vibrating-switch armature contacts are held open by dirt, so that the remaining generator field and variation of pull on the contact armature produce a Wiping action to produce a new clean contact almost instantly, thus making a self-cleaning contact switch.

Still another object of the invention is to pro vide a regulator device for the electrical system of an automobile whose action is substantially entirely independent of variable acceleration forces.

Another object of the invention is to provide a regulator device for the electrical system of an automobile whose contact points are not subject to destructive electrical arcing and which will not pit.

It is also an object of the invention to provide a regulator device for the electrical system of an automobile which will not burn out when one of the battery cells is substantially short circuited.

Yet another object of the invention is to pro vide a regulator device for the ignition system or a vehicle which will not be destroyed or harmed if one of the cells of the vehicles battery goes dead.

It is above all an object of the invention to pro viole a reliable regulator device for an automobile electrical system which can be easily installed and which is inexpensive due to its simple construction yet which is sufficiently flexible to opcrate well under all of the variable operational conditions.

For a better understanding of the present invention, together with other and further objects thereof, reference is had to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, and its scope will be pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings Figure 1 is an isometric view of the regulator device of the invention.

Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2-2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a bottom view of the device on a reduced scale.

Figure 4B is a circuit diagram of the regulator device connected into the electrical system or one popular make of automobile.

Figure 5 is a circuit diagram of a slightly modified regulator device.

In one concept, the invention relates to an electrical system in combination with a generator having a field winding, a storage battery and regulator means comprising armature means supported for pivotal motion at its center of balance and circuit means including electromagnet means responsive to electrical changes in the circuit means for pivoting the armature about its support.

In another concept the invention is the combination, in an electrical system, with a generator having a field winding and a storage battery, of regulator means comprising generator field circuit means connected. from the generator armature to the field winding. The generator field circuit means includes a field switch and a first armature carrying one of the contact points of the field switch. The field switch is closed when the generator is not generating current. Electromagnetic field coil means are connected to ground in parallel with the field winding and in parallel with the field switch, and battery circuit means connect the generator to the battery and include a battery switch and a second electrically conductive armature carrying one of the contact points of the battery switch. Battery coil means are connected in series between the generator and the battery and the battery switch is open when the generator is not generating current. The electromagnetic field coil means establish an electromotive force for closing the battery switch and for tending to open the field switch when the generator generates suflicient current to charge the battery.

With reference to the Figures 1, 2 and 3, the device of the invention comprises a base formed of an insulating material. Mounted by means of nuts and bolts, or the like, to the base Ill is a metal bracket which has a front portion l1, back portion l2, and side bars 13. The side bars are connected to the front portion and to the back portion l2 by means of rivets or the like 14 and serves to make the unit rigid.

A first vibratory armature I1 is connected to a bracket ill by means of a strip of spring metal H3. The armature I1 is riveted by rivets to the spring metal 59, and the spring metal in turn is connected to the bracket [8 by means of screws 2|. The bracket I8 is made of a heavy portion of soft iron and it is secured to the base ill by means of the screw 22.

The bracket [8 is substantially U-shaped, the armature l1 being secured to one of its legs, and coil means 23 being wrapped around its other leg.

The vibratory armature I1 is mounted so that the bracket [8 is positioned substantially at its longitudinal center, and the spring 19 serves to bias the left end of the armature H in an upward direction, as seen in Figure 2. The left end of the armature H has connected to it a contact point 24, and the right-hand end carries a contact point 25. An electrically conductive metal arm 26 is secured to the base H) by means of a screw 21, and it carries at its outer end a contact point 28 positioned immediately above the contact point 24. The bias of the spring 19 serves to normally keep contacts 24 and 28 together. The metal arm 26 is electrically connected by means of the screw 21 extending through the base II] to a copper strap 33 which is mounted on the bottom face of the base 10, as seen in Figures 2 and 3.

The other end of the copper strap 98 is connected by means of the screw 29 to the terminal marked A which extends through a hole in the front side of the frame H. A second metal arm 32 is connected to the base 10 by means of a screw 33. This second metal arm. extends away from the base 10 and carries a contact point 34 in its outer end in such position that it is immediately above the contact point 25 mounted on the armature 11. One end of a copper strap 35 is secured between the head of the screw 33 and the metal arm 32, and the other end of the copper strap is soldered onto a light bulb 36 thereby holding the light bulb and serving as one of the electrical connections thereto. A wire 31 is also connected between the head of the screw 33 and the metal arm 32. This wire 31 extends to the coil means 23, as is more clearly shown in the circuit diagram of Figure 4. A screw 40 extends through the bracket 18 and secures an outwardly extending metal base 4| rigidly thereto. The metal base 4| is positioned substantially directly beneath the right-hand end of the armature l1 and a temperature sensitive metal member 42 is positioned between the metal base 4| and the right-hand end of the armature I1. A ground connection comprising a nut 44 which is threaded onto the screw 45 is provided, and a number of wires shown in better detail in the circuit diagram are connected to the nut 44. The head of the screw 45 is in good electrical contact with a portion of the frame H.

A second vibratory armature 51 is provided, as shown in Figure 1. It is mounted on a second soft metal bracket I00 which is secured to the base ID in a manner similar to that by which the bracket 18 is secured to the base 10. A spring member 59 is connected to the bracket I00 and is connected to the armature 51 by means of rivets 66. A metal arm 56 is connected to the base H) by means of a screw 51 and the upper end of the arm 56 carries a contact 58 on its underneath surface. This contact 58 serves to limit the upper motion of the left-hand end of armature 51. The right-hand end of the armature 51 carries a contact point and spaced immediately above it is a contact point 66 which is mounted on a metal arm 61 which in turn is secured to the base 10 by means of the screw 68. The screw 68 extends to the base [0, and the terminal 69 marked B is secured to the base 10 by means of the screw 68 and is in electrical contact with it. A coil 10 comprising a few turns of heavy wire is Wrapped around one of the upstanding legs of the U-shaped bracket I00. The upper end of the wire comprising coil 19 is secured and electrically connected to the bracket I00 by means of the screw 12. The other end 10' of the coil 10 extends over to a metal strip 13 where it is soldered, and the metal strip 13 extends in underneath the coil means 23 where it is in electrical contact with the upper end of the screw 29 (Fig. 3). The screw 29 is in electrical contact with the A terminal.

Referring to Figure 3, a resistor coil 15 has one of its ends connected to the screw 21 and its other end connected to the small screw 16 through the terminal bar I? which is marked on its top face with the letter F.

A sheet metal container, not shown, may be positioned over the entire top portion of the device and secured thereto by screws which extend into the holes :78 in the side bars l3 thereby enclosing the entire structure except the resistor i5 and the nuts which are shown in the bottom view of Figure 3. The outer ends of the terminal A and B likewise are not enclosed as they extend out through holes in the side it of the metal frame. By enclosing the armatures ll and El, the coil means 23 and Hi, the temper ature sensitive element 42, and the light bulb 36 in an enclosure, they are protected from dust and dirt.

Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of the device shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3.

The terminal 3@ which is marked A in Figure l is connected to an armature of a generator all. The terminal Ti, marked F in Figure l, is connected to the field winding iii of the gen erator iii and then to ground. The terminal (i9, marked E in Figure l, is connected to the hot side of battery 82. The generator 8i) and the battery 82 comprise part of an electrical. system such as may be found in an automobile.

The generator 89 through its brush 39 and the terminal 35! is connected to field circuit means and to the contact 28 mounted on the metal arm 26. In the circuit diagram of Figure 4 and Figure 5 to follow, the metal portions of the device which serve as conductors are shown and described as wires. The contact points 2d and 28 normally are maintained closed by the spring [9, and the resistor is electrically connected around the contact points 28, 2d. The coil means 23 in one form or the invention is comprised of three coils 83, 8d, and Each of these three coils is wound around one leg of each of the brackets l8 and IE6, as is shown in Figure 1, and each serves to produce an electromagnetic field which tends to pull the contact point 24 away from contact point 28 and also to pull the left-hand end of the armature 51 down toward the coil means, thus tending to close contact point 65 against contact point es. One end of the coil 83 is connected in the field circuit means between the generator 89 and the field and its other end is connected to ground at The coil is in series with the light bulb 5t and is electrically connected to the armature ii. The other end of the coil 85 is connected to ground at point 8%. The contact points 35 and 34 are closed when the right-hand end of the armature I! is in its upward position thereby shunting out the light bulb 36.

One end of the field winding 8! is connected to ground and the other end is connected through the terminal F to the bracket I8.

The hot side of the battery 82 is connected through the terminal B to the contact point 66. When the automobile is not being operated contact points and 66 are spaced from each other.

In the operation of this system and device, the contact points 65, $6 are normally spaced from each other to prevent the generator 86 from running as a motor, thereby discharging the battery 82. These contact points are held open tact 24, 233.

6 by means of the spring 59 biasing the armature 51 about the bracket I00.

When a person starts his car, the generator is simultaneously put into operation, as is well known in the art.

Before the car is running fast enough to build up a high generator voltage, current from the generator 80 passes through the normally closed contact points 28, 24 to the generator field $1 and then to ground. This builds up the field so that the generator is operated as a shunt generator. Some of the current from the generator, however, goes through the coil 83 to ground. This establishes an electromagnetic field tending to tilt the armature I 1 about its pivot point it to pull contact point 24 away from the contact point 28. While the contact points 24, 28 are closed, some of the current which passes through them goes through the coil 84 to ground thereby establishing an electromagnetic field which also tends to open the contact points. The current which does not go through coils 83 and M to ground at point 86 goes through the held winding 8! to build up the generator field.

When the generator reaches such a speed that it is generating sufiicient voltage to charge the battery 82, the electromagnetic field established by the coils 83, 84 is sufliciently strong to pivot the armature 5'! against the bias of the spring 59 thereby closing contact 65 against contact Current then flows from generator at through terminal 30, through the coil Hi, through armature 51, the contact points 65, 66, the line bl and terminal 69 to the battery 82. The coil it is wrapped around one leg of the soft iron bracket we establishing an electromotive force in the other leg of the bracket I06. This force is suff ciently strong that there is a leakage flux acting on the armature I! which helps to open the corn This controlled leakage electromagnetic force, together with the force established by the coils 83 and 8 3, is sufiicient to open switch 24, 28 and consequently an increased amount of current then flows through the resistor F5 to the contact point 81' where it splits, part of it going on to point 90 and part to point ti. With the switch 24, 28 open, the contact point 35 has not closed against contact point B l, so all of the current which flows to point 9| passes through the light bulb 36, then through the coil 8% to ground at point 33. The amount of current through light bulb 35 is small compared to that which flows through coil 34 to ground. The current through coil establishes a field which helps to open switch 24, 28. Opening switch at, 28 does not materially alter the current through coil 83 but it reduces the amount or current through coils 84, 85 with a consequent general reduction in the strength of the electromagnetic field tending to open switch 24, 28. The sharply reduced pull on the left end or armature ll allows the spring l9 to reclose switch 2 2d, shunting out resistor 15 and re-establishing current flow through coils 84, 85 thereby i e-establishing the electromagnetic field which opens switch 24, 28. In operation the contact points 2:3, 23 make and break quite rapidly, but contact points 35, 34 do not close until the voltage in the sys tem rises to a dangerous point, as is described later. The resistor 75 has a resistance of about 3 ohms and being in parallel with the contact points 24, 28 it prevents arcing between contact points 24, 28 as the switch opens, thereby prolonging the life of the contact points and preventing them from sticking together.

The opening and closing of the contact points 24, 28 varies the strength of the field of the generator 80 by varying the amount of current through field winding 8|. This rapidly changes the charging rate of the generator. The current fluctuations due to the opening and closing of contact points 24, 28 is quite rapid and the average current over a period of a few seconds may be shown on the ammeter of the car without causing the meter indicator to vibrate.

The electromagnetic field established by coils 83, li t, 35 also acts on armature as the coils are wound around one leg of the bracket I69 as well as around one leg of the bracket l8. Armature ill does not vibrate like armature ll. Under the pull of the field established by CD115 83, 84, 35 it causes contact point [55 to close against contact point 66 and stay there as long as the generator at is generating sufiicient current to charge battery 82. When the car is stopped, the generator stops charging and the electromagnetic field established by coils 83, 84, 85 drops to zero. Current then tries to flow from battery 8?: to the generator Bil to cause the generator to run as a motor. This reverse current through coil l9 establishes a bucking electromagnetic field on the left end of armature 5? which is sufiicient to overcome any small field then being established by coils B3, 85, 85, and opens contact points 55, thereby disconnecting the battery 32 from the generator 88.

It will be seen that the coil H3 around the bracket lilii serves several purposes: While the g nerator on is charging the coil is tends to seep the contacts closed, and a controlled amount or magnetic flux leaks across to coil 23 which is comprised of individual coils 83, 84, 85 and serves the current limiting control of the unit by influencing the vibration of the armature ll. And when generator Bi! is not charging the reverse current from the battery 82 to the generator oil passes through coil l8 and establishes a magnetic field that bucks the field set up by coil 23 and helps to open contacts 65, Thus it serves a current control coil and a reverse current coil to prevent the battery 82 from discharging.

The coils 33, as are also multiple purpose coils: When the generator voltage builds up to a point that it will charge battery 82. or supply current to a load. the magnetic field set up by coils 83, 84 closes the battery switch contacts 65, 66, and thereafter as the voltage continues to rise the same magnetic field acts to open contacts 24, 28, serving title voltage limiting control.

When the battery is in poor condition, that is when its charge is low, it is advisable to prevent excess current flow from the generator to the battery as this might harm the generator. While a normal amount of current is flowing from the generator to the battery the coil 10 establishes an electromagnetic force acting on armature H and tending to open contacts 24, 28. The force, however, is insuiiicient to alter the normal vibratory action of the armature. As the current flow to battery 82 increases toward a dangerous amount the pull exercised by coil ii! on armature ll increases, thereby keeping contact points 24, 28 apart for a longer perof time without destroying its vibratory action and materially reducing the strength of the generator field. This reduces the charging ratio and reduces the current flow to a safe level.

When the generator is run at high speeds for a long period of time the voltage in the system is apt to exceed a safe value. When this unsafe condition is reached the pull on the left end of armature H by the combined fields established by coils 83, 84, is gufficient to maintain contact points 24, 28 open for a longer percentage of the time and it also begins to close contact points 34, 35 intermittently with a vibratory action. Closing contact points 34, 35 short-circults the light bulb 36 by establishing a low resistance path from 34, through 32 and coil 85 to ground at 88. Most of the generator field current goes to ground along this low resistance path, thereby sharply reducing the generator field excitation with consequent reduction in the cur rent output from the generator. The light bulb 36 is in parallel with the contact points 34, 35 and during the rapid opening and closing of the contact points during voltage limiting action it prevents arcing, in much the same manner as the resistor 10 prevents arcing between the contact points 24, 28.

The bimetallic member E2 is so constructed that it biases the armature ll in a direction tending to keep the contact points 2 28 open. In Winter when the temperature of the air around the bimetallic member 42 is colder than it is in the summer the bimetallic member s2 exerts less force against the right-hand end of the armature ll, thereby allowing the spring IS to keep contact points 2d, 28 closed for a longer percentage of the time with consequent increased battery charging. In summer the bimetallic member 42 stiffens up due to the increased temperature thereby exerting a greater bias force tending to keep contact points 24, 2t apart. This slightly reduces the generator charging rate to compensate for the reduced battery drain during summer operation.

A bimetallic member 43 is provided for biasing the armature 51 in. accordance with the temperature of the surrounding air. It so constructed that in summer it tends to close switch 55, 6B and to open it in wintertime.

If a car equipped with this invention is driven a great deal in cool weather, the motor heat and the heat from the light bulb 36 will be sufficient to warm the bimetallic member 52 and reduce the charging rate. It will be seen that the bulb 36 serves a triple purpose: (1) It is a resistor in the voltage control circuit; (2) it prevents arcing between contact points and (3) it serves as a heater during prolonged driving of a car to cause, through the bimetallic member 42, the generator charging rate to drop slightly. As a resistance in the voltage control circuit it has two different values during two different conditions of the circuit. When the contact points 24, 28 are open current flows through the bulb heating it up. In its hot condition it has a resistance of about 12 ohms. When the bulb is operating cool due to the rapid opening and closing of contact points 35 the bulb has a resistance of about lohms. Using a bulb deigned for 12 volt operation in the circuit where the voltage very seldom goes much above 8 volts assures long bulb life. In fact a device of this type has been bench-tested the equivalent of about 50,000 miles of car operation without a single bulb failure. Thus, bulb 36 is a tempera ture sensitive variable resistor connected to ground in series with regulating coil 85.

Figure 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating the system of my invention as applied to one of the popular makes of automobiles, and Figure 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating the invention applied to another popular make. The invention, however, and the principles involved are substantially the same.

The main diiference between the circuits of Figs. 4 and 5 is that in Fig. 5 the coils BI and 84 are connected in parallel to point 86 in the generator field circuit and thence to ground at 86, and not directly to ground as in Fig. i.

In either of the circuits of Fig. l or 5 the coil 85 may be shorted out by closing switch 95. This reduces the percentage of time that the contacts 24, 23 are open by reducing the electromagnetic pull on the left end of the armature ll. This substantially increases the charging rate of the generator system. For ordinary winter-summer driving the compensation provided by the light bulb and the thermostatic control is suincient. However, for extremely cold weather or other extreme conditions which require considerable charge on the battery, the switch 535 is provided.

The previous description of the operation of the device of this invention has included three coils 83, 8t, for establishing an electromagnetic force on the armature l"! for regulatory purposes. It has been found that the coil 85 is unnecessary if the armature ii is carefully balanced on the bracket IS. Thus by positioning the rivet 29 substantially directly above the bracket is I have found that the coil 85 can be dispensed with, and the thermostatic adjustment of the regulator is sufficient for ordinary summer-winter driving. However, for severe climatic changes it may be advisable to include the coil 85 and its shorting switch 85.

For operation in the regulator and electrical systems which have been described, I have found it very desirable to make one terminal of each of the pairs of contacts 24, 28 and 25, 3 5 out of tungsten and the other out of fine silver. This construction, together with the are reducing resistors in shunt around each pair of contacts, assures an extremely lon life for the switch points.

Another feature of the invention is that the resistor is connected around the contact points 23 assures the maintenance of some field excitation on the generator 83 even though the contact points are open. In prior art systems if a speck of dirt lodged between the contact points and held them open for a short while, the generator field would collapse and it would be impossible to make the generator charge until the points were cleaned. In the construction of the invention the resistor 75 assures sufiicient field on the generator 89 to cause the generator to generate approximately half of its normal current. This is sufficient to cause the armature ll to vibrate and shake off any dirt which might be between the contact points 24, 28.

In prior art regulators the current output of the generator varies considerably depending upon whether the regulator unit mounted upsidedown or right-side up, and acceleration forces will cause a considerable variation in the charging rate. I have found that variations in current output up to about 50 per cent are usual in prior art devices. In the device of the present invention these variations due to acceleration forces are reduced practically to zero, and the charging rate remains the same whether the device is mounted in the car right-side up or up-side down. This characteristic is extremely valuable for a replacement device as it permits the person installing it complete freedom as to how he puts 10 it in and where. The reason for this characteristic is that the armatures ii and 51 are mounted on brackets l8 and its at their longitudinal center points. Accordingly gravitational and acceleration forces act substantially equally on both ends of the armatures and do not upset or alter the balance between the two ends thereof.

In an ordinary regulator device and system if one of the cells of the battery goes dead and establishes practically a short circuit therethrough, the regulator soon is harmed and may burn out completely if the car is driven above moderate speeds. With the device and system here described a dead battery cell will cause the system to operate at about 5 to 5 volts, and the current will be about 35 to ac amperes at moderate car speeds. This heavy current in coil id establishes a strong leakage field acting on armature H to help the coils 83, 3G to keep the contacts 2t, 25 open almcst all of the time. The majority of the current, therefore, goes through the resistor T5 and then through the generator field 8! to ground.

It is to be noted that there are no adjustment devices in the entire regulating device. The only adjustment which must be made is easily effected during assembly of the device. The contact points 2%, 28, and 34, 35 and 65, as are set by feeler gages and the device is then put on a test bench. If any further adjustment is required the armature l? or 5? is tapped gently to open or close the contact points until the desired operating conditions are obtained.

While there have been described what are at present considered to be the preferred embodiments of this invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the invention, and it is, therefore, aimed in the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.

I claim:

1. In an electrical system, the combination with a generator having a field winding and a storage battery; of regulator means comprising generator field circuit means connected from the generator armature to said field winding, said generator field circuit means including a field switch and a first armature carrying one of the contact points of said field switch, said field switch being closed when said generator is gen erating current, electromagnetic coil means connected to ground in parallel with a circuit including said field winding and said field switch, battery circuit means connecting said generator to said battery including a battery switch and a se" 0nd. electrically conductive armature carrying one of the contact points of said battery switch, said battery switch being open when said generator is not generating current, battery coil means connected in series between said generator and said battery, said electromagnetic coil means establishing an electromagnetic force for closing said battery switch and for tending toopen said field switch when said generator generates sufficient current to charge said battery, and thermostatic control means tending to open said field switch when heated and to close said field switch when cooled.

2. In an electrical system, the combination With a generator having a field winding and a storage battery; of regulator means comprising generator field circuit means connected from the enerator armature to said field winding, said generator field circuit means including a field switch and a first armature carrying one of the contact points of said field switch, said field switch being closed when said generator is gen erating current, electromagnetic coil means connected to ground in parallel with a circuit including said field winding and said field switch, battery circuit means connecting said generator to said battery including a battery switch and a second electrically conductive armature carrying one of the contact points of said battery switch, said battery switch being open when said generator is not generating current, battery coil means connected in series between said generator and said battery, said electromagnetic coil means establishing an electromagnetic force for closing said battery switch and for tending to open said field switch when said generator generates sufilcient current to charge said battery, and thermostatic control means tending to open said battery switch when cooled and close said battery switch when heated.

3. In an electrical system, the combination with a generator having a field winding and a storage battery; of regulator means comprising generator field circuit means connected from the generator armature to said field winding, said generator field circuit means including a field switch and a first armature carrying one of the contact points of said field switch, said field switch being closed when said generator is generating current, electromagnetic coil means connected to ground in parallel with a circuit comprising said generator field winding and said field switch, a regulating coil connected to said generator field circuit means and connected to ground in series with said field switch, battery circuit means connecting said generator to said battery including a battery switch and a second electrically conductive armature carrying one of the contact points of said battery switch, said battery switch being open when said generator is not generating current, and battery coil means connected in series between said generator and said battery, said electromagnetic coil means establishing an electromagnetic force for closing said battery switch and for tending to open said field switch when said generator generates sufiicient current to charge said battery.

4. An electrical system as set forth in claim 3, further characterized by a temperature sensitive variable resistor connected in series with said regulating coil.

5. In an electrical system, the combination with a generator having a field winding and a storage battery; of regulator means comprising generator field circuit means connected from the generator armature to said field winding, said generator field circuit means including a field switch and a first armature carrying one of the contact points of said field switch, said field switch being closed when said generator is gen erating current, electromagnet coil means comprising a plurality of coils the first coil of which is connected to ground in parallel with a circuit comprising said generator field switch and said generator field winding and the second coil of which is connected to ground in series with said generator field switch, battery circuit means connecting said generator to said battery including a battery switch and a second electrically conductive armature carrying one of the contact points of said battery switch, said battery switch being open when said generator is not generating current, and battery coil means connected in 12 series between said generator and said battery, said electromagnetic coil means establishing an electromagnetic force for closing said battery switch and for tending to open said field switch when said generator generates sufiicient current to charge said battery.

6. In an electrical system, the combination with a generator having a field winding, of regulator means comprising generator field circuit means connected from the generator armature to said field winding, said generator field circuit means including a field switch and an armature carrying one of the contact points of said field switch, said field switch being closed when said generator is generating current, a first electromagnetic coil connected to ground in parallel with a circuit including said generator field winding and said field switch, a second electromagnetic coil connected to ground in parallel with said generator field winding, said first and second electromagnetic coils when energized establishing an electromagnetic force on said armature tending to open said field switch, a voltage control circuit connected to ground in, parallel with said generator field winding, said voltage control circuit including a series connected resistor and a normally open switch circuit around said resistor, the switch in said voltage control circuit being actuated by said armature to close said switch circuit thereby to shunt out said resistor and establish a low resistance ground connection in parallel with said generator field winding thereby to quickly collapse a substantial amount of the field excitation.

'7. An electrical system as set forth in claim 6, further characterized by said series connected resistor comprising a temperature sensitive resistor whose resistance at low temperatures is low compared to its resistance at higher temperature.

8. An electrical system as set forth in claim 6, further characterized by said series connected resistor comprising a light bulb.

9. In an electrical system for use in combination with a generator having a field winding; regulator means comprising circuit means connected from the generator armature to the field winding and including a field switch, an armature mounted for vibratory motion and adapted to actuate said field switch, a first electromagnetic coil connected to said circuit means and connected to ground in parallel with a circuit including said generator field winding and said field switch, and a second electromagnetic coil connected to ground in parallel with said field winding and connected to said circuit means between said field switch and said field winding.

10. An electrical system as set forth in claim 9, further characterized by a resistor connected in shunt around said field switch.

11. In an electrical system, the combination with a storage battery and a generator having a field winding, of regulator means comprising: first and second support means; first and second armature means connected respectively to said first and second support means for pivotal motion with respect thereto; a field switch in said generator field circuit; first, second, and third coil means wrapped about the first of said support means and comprising a first electromagnet; said first coil being connected between said generator and ground, said second and third coils being connected to ground in parallel between said generator field winding and said field switch; a fourth coil wrapped about the second of. said References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Hoppe et a1. Aug. 3, 1915 Number Number Number Name Date Conrad Mar. 26, 1918 Leonard May 6, 1919 Barton Aug. 12, 1919 Schwagermann Dec. 21, 1920 Delano Sept. 2'7, 1921 Menzel Aug. 25, 1931 Broekhuysen Mar. 14, 1933 Leingang July 25, 1933 Williams June 26, 1934 Thompson Mar. 3, 1936 Loesch July 14, 1942 Menzel i July 18, 1944 Swing 1 June 22, 1948 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Great Britain June 19, 1911 France Apr. 10, 1933 

